Modern Trends in Translation (with Reference to the Urdu Language)

Abstract

This research paper presents an overview of modern trends in translation studies, with reference to the Urdu language in the present digital era. The modern translation technologies like Computer Assisted Translation (CAT) tools have been analyzed along with the progression of Machine Translation (MT) from Rule Based to Neural systems and the dominant role of Large Language Models (LLMs) like GPT. The drawbacks of these tools have been highlighted regarding their applicability to the Urdu language due to its composite linguistic structure and cultural association. The new role of modern translator has been pointed out, equipped with requisite skills assisted by the current translation tools. The moral, legal, and social issues associated with the AI-based translation have been discussed, including status of copyright, accountability, and cultural bias. It appears that the literary translations carried out with the help of modern tools are weak in terms of communicating real essence of original text to the reader. The study suggests that translation tools can be used to prepare initial draft of a translation to be polished by applying the human intellect. The paper concludes by suggesting the hybrid human-AI model, real-time translation, and development of advanced localized translation tools.