Negotiations

Liaqat Gadgor: Punjabi poet of Emotions

Dr. Saima Batool — 2025-06-30

Liaqat gadgour hails from the land of Nosha peer, a pioneer of punjabi language and litratur, specially from the the village of Jhurranwali in Gujrat.Gujraat is a blessed land in this regard, as many poets and writers were born here.These individuals played a significant role in elevating the region’s reputation and acheived notable milesstonesin litrature.Liaqat gad gour is among these remarkable individuals. Liaqat Gadgour is a master of his proession and has been spreading knowledge for the past thirty three years, retiring in 2018. Poetry is his passion, and he has been fulfilling this passion by publishing books at diffrent times.So far, he has written five books. His fifth book is Okran. In this book he has written Hamad and also expressed his love and effection for his prophet Muhammad PBUH. Liaqat Gadgour,s poetry is characterized by its wisdom, patience,and insight into the world's impermanance.His language is simple.He has written about various aspects of life, weaving his thoughts and experiences into verse. Rather than just focusing on romantic or superficial themes, he has beautifully captured the socio-political realities of our time. Moreover, his love for the Punjabi language and culture is evident through out his work, serving as a testament to his devotion.

Historicism and New-Historicism: Theoretical Debates and Intellectual Dimensions

Komal Shahzadi — 2025-06-30

The relationship between literature and history is very deep and complex. History provides us with the facts of the past, historicism contextualizes these facts in the light of literary texts, while neo-historicism views both of them under new questions in the context of power, discourse systems, and structural narrative. With the help of these theories, not only the depth of literature can be understood but also different layers of human consciousness can be accessed. The role of history in literature is not limited to context alone, but it creates a parallel narrative that connects literature to the constraints of time and space.

Scientific Interpretation and Understanding of Urdu Classical Poetry

Sajjad Naqvi — 2025-06-30

Poetry and science are different fields, but they share some important values, especially imagination and consciousness or awareness. Poets, using their feelings or the knowledge of their time, often show signs of scientific thinking in their poetry. Classical poets did not formally study science, and science was not very developed in their time. However, because poets are more sensitive and creative, they could naturally express ideas similar to scientific facts. Critics believe this ability comes from the poet’s strong intuition. In Western poetry, scientific awareness is clearly seen. In Urdu poetry, some early examples can be found in Deccani Masnavis. This article explores Urdu classical poetry through a scientific perspective and highlights the scientific ideas reflected in it.

Tradition of Charkha and Charkha Nama in Punjab

Fozia Kausar — 2025-06-30

In the rich tapestry of the Punjabi cultural heritage the symbolic Significance of the Charkha, a rotating wheel transcends more functionality, evolving into a profound emblem, While originating from the crossroads of China, Iran or the Central Asia, the Charkha intertwines thread of cotton metamorphosing them into the very fabric that adorns man’s essential attire. Punjabi classical poet, notably Shah Hussain and Bulleh Shah employ it as a metaphorical motif in their poetry. The Literary manifestation of this Cultural artifact finds expression in the renewed tradition Known as Charkha Nama.in eloquent Punjabi literature; luminaries like molvi Abdul Sattar, Noor Muhmmad Lohar, Kalidas and Mian Shad have panned Classical Charkha Namas thus contributing to an incredible literary legacy.

An Analytical Study of “Naveen Lou”

Muhammad Aftab Bhatti — 2025-06-30

"Khalid Hussain Thathal was a great poet and writer of Punjabi Language and Literature. He was born on 23 November 1953 in Quetta. His life was full of innumerable virtues.He had a loving and kind heart He had a great love with Punjab as well as Punjabi Literature. This great writer died on August 16, 2021 in Norway. Seven books of his poetry and prose have been published. In this article, an analytical study of the book of his short stories "Naveen Lou" has been presented. The topic of these stories is the civilization and culture of Punjab. The characters of these stories are living human beings. He has presented human life in its true form in his stories."

“Iqbal’s Conception of the Prophet's Ahl al-Bayt as a Unifying Axis for the Muslim Ummah”

Dr. Samra Zamir — 2025-06-30

This research paper explores the concept of Ahl al-Bayt (the Holy Family of the Prophetﷺ) within the intellectual and spiritual framework of Allama Muhammad Iqbal. Although Iqbal refrains from explicitly naming members of the Ahl al-Bayt in his philosophical lectures, their ethos is deeply reflected in his core ideas—Khudi (selfhood), Ishq (divine love), Faqr (spiritual renunciation), Millat (Muslim community), and Ijtihad (dynamic reasoning). In his poetry, Iqbal presents figures such as Fatima al-Zahra (A.S) and Imam Hussain (A.S) as embodiments of ideal Islamic virtues—patience, sacrifice, insight, resistance, and spiritual courage—that hold a timeless message for the Muslim Ummah. The paper situates these themes within the contemporary socio-religious context, addressing sectarian fragmentation, intellectual decline, and spiritual voids in the modern Muslim world. By reinterpreting Iqbal’s thought in light of the universal message of Ahl al-Bayt, this study argues for their role as a unifying spiritual heritage rather than a sectarian symbol, offering a foundation for Muslim unity, intra-faith harmony, and ethical revival across the Ummah.

Problems of migration in Ahmed Nadeem Qasmi's fictions (in historical and political perspective)

Dr. Muhammad Iqbal — 2025-06-30

Although Colonialism is directly related to military, political, economic, linguistic, religious, and cultural dominance, a complete colonial system is formed under these aims and objectives. In all of them, the economy has a basic position. Because economic supremacy is the key to all other forms of supremacy. Together with the economy, the rest of the elements form a complete imperialist policy. For "anti-colonialism", the names anti-colonialism, Turkish Neo-Colonialism, Anti-Colonialism, Anti-Neo-Colonialism, and Anti-Imperialism are used. Rejection of Neo-Democracy refers not only to the rejection of "European centralism", the recovery of political, social, economic, scientific, intellectual independence and local culture from the West, but also to the attempt to devalue the "East" compared to the West. "Decolonialism" is the deviation and turning away from all colonialist narratives of the neo-demographic system and neo-imperialism. Resisting and not supporting is the initial state of anti-colonialism. Imperialism has a cultural mission. To accomplish this mission, he adopts any system that falls under the category of a neo-demographic system. Colonialism is essentially a continuation of colonial or imperialist activities. From a semantic point of view, both of them assume the same meaning, the same purpose. This difference shows that the status of monarchy is like an ideology, a cultural mission, while the colonial system is indispensable for its practical formation.

"British Orientalists’ Translations and Editorial work on Indian (Urdu) Prose Texts: A Research Perspective

Prof. Dr. Naseem Abbas Ahmar — 2025-06-30

In the 19th century, a critical evaluation of the services rendered by Orientalists holds significant importance. To secure and prolong their rule over India, it was deemed necessary for the British to acquire deep knowledge of Indian civilization, culture, customs, and local languages. For this purpose, the Curricula were developed specifically to teach these local languages, and texts were prepared to meet these academic requirements. The texts translated into English by Orientalists were mostly those that had been published under the auspices of Fort William College and had become part of the academic curriculum. In these translations, the primary objective of attention and effort was to make the content accessible and convenient for students. Among the prose tales that were translated and edited are: Bagh-o-Bahar, Tota Kahani, Mazhhab-e-Ishq, Khirad Afroz, Baital Pachisi, Mirat-ul-Uroos, Taubat -un-Nasuh.In the edited texts, alongside the Urdu script, Roman transliterations and glossaries were also provided. However, some Orientalists also elaborated on the significance of these texts. In certain cases, a colonial perspective emerged regarding the nature and purpose of these works. At times, Eastern literature and knowledge were appreciated, while at other times they were portrayed as superstitious, ignorant, or lacking in insight. This study also reveals that among Orientalists, there existed conflicting and diverse views regarding Indians and Eastern knowledge and literature.

Upendranath Ashk's Short Stories: Anti-Colonial Dimension

Muhammad Amir Sohail — 2025-06-30

Upendranath Ashk began his creative life in the third decade of the twentieth century. He is considered one of Urdu's significant short story writers. His short stories are narratives of political and social conditions, focusing on social issues and inequalities, as well as the political and social activities of the lower and middle classes. The anti-colonial dimension of his stories is prominent. This article presents an anti-colonial study of Ashk's representative collection of short stories, "Daachi Aur Doosre Siyasi Afsane" (Daachi and Other Political Stories). In this collection, the impact of the political conditions and movements of Ashk's era on rural and urban life is evident. These stories depict peasant movements against colonial feudalism and laborers' protests against colonial capitalism. These stories articulate patriotism, nationalism, revolutionary tendencies, protest demonstrations, and contemporary resistance movements. Characters possessing national and revolutionary consciousness participate in political activities. All these elements collectively form an anti-colonial narrative, which highlights the anti-colonial dimensions of his work.

Manifestations of the violation of basic human rights in the 21st Century

Simran Jathol — 2025-06-30

In the current era, Urdu novels resiliently deal with themes of social inequality, gender discrimination, religious extremism, exploitation and state oppression. Novelists are not only writing novels for the sake of art but also effectively using them as a tool to spread awareness and exploitation of human rights. The most highlighted topics in novels of 21st century on social and individual levels are human degradation, subordination of rights and unavailability of justice. In some novels issues like women exploitation, child labour, class discrimination and degraded behaviour towards minorities have been highlighted. These novels discuss the importance of basic human rights which should be provided and protected in every situation. The modern narrative style diligently presents the realistic picture of social injustices and human sufferings. This article truly appreciates the fact that Urdu literature doesn't only beautifully present the creativity of art but also it's a documentation which raises the voice against human rights exploitation.

Civilizational Clash in the Novel "Darpok"

Hafza Humra Mobeen — 2025-06-30

The novel Darpok presents a comparative study of Eastern and Western societies. The Eastern society is marked by traditional values, family bonds, hospitality, and religious inclinations, but also plagued by corruption, poverty, and disregard for law. The Western society emphasizes individual freedom, rule of law, punctuality, and equal opportunities, yet suffers from spiritual emptiness and weakened family ties. Through the dialogue between the characters Arora and Sonia, the strengths and weaknesses of both systems are highlighted. The novel also critiques the self-serving elite, bureaucratic exploitation, rural system flaws, and the political nature of the panchayat. Hussain Shahid’s literary style and Dr. Mushtaq Adil’s idiomatic translation make the text engaging and eloquent. This work offers readers a balanced understanding of both societal frameworks and provokes thought on how to blend progress with moral and cultural values. It is both a social critique and a bridge between two contrasting worlds. In this article the same nove is discussed.

Idealism and Realism in the Short Stories of Ahmad Nadeem Qasmi

Dr. Abdul Sattar Bhatti — 2025-06-30

Ahmad Nadeem Qasmi is a prominent figure in Urdu short story writing, known for his profound portrayal of rural life and its socio-economic challenges. Often referred to as the second Premchand, Qasmi blends idealism and realism harmoniously in his fiction. His stories frequently depict ideal characters rooted in moral and social values like honesty, sacrifice, and human dignity, aiming to cultivate a just and ideal society. At the same time, he realistically presents the harsh conditions of village life—poverty, exploitation, class divisions, and social injustices. His works such as “Sona ka Haar,” “Chor,” “Ghareeb ka Tohfa,” and “Kapas ka Phool” reflect both the dream of a better world and the bitter realities that shatter those dreams. Through characters like Baba Amro and Tajjo Mai, he presents humanistic ideals; whereas stories like “Rais Khana” and “Gandasa” expose grim realities. Deeply influenced by the Progressive Writers’ Movement, Qasmi’s fiction illustrates his desire to reform society through a balance of moral idealism and social realism. His unique narrative style and thematic depth position him as a writer whose art bridges the imaginative and the real.

The Concept of Love in Modern Punjabi Poetry

Dr. Muhammad Irfan ul Haq — 2025-06-30

Modern Punjabi poetry is a rich source of literature to bring a change in the mind and thinking of new generation, which is consists of in the form of Ghazal and Poem. This article is about the concepts (Ishq ) strongest passions of love for Allah, which are discussed from selected Modern Punjabi poets poetry like Mian Muhammad Bakhsh, Saen Mola shah, Khawaja Ghulam Farid, Peer fazal Gujrati, Sharif Kanjahi, Allama Ghulam Yaqoob Anwar, Arif Abdul Mateen, Allama Amin Khial, Ali Muhammad Malook, Syed Tanveer Bokhari, Prof Mansoor Ahmed Khalid, Dr Younas Ahqar, Dr Shahzad Qaiser, Dr Razzaq Shahid, Bushra Ijaz, Gulzaib Abassi, Dr Sughra Sadaf and Sufi Poet Shahbaz Danish. An attempt is made to high light the point of view of Punjabi Poets about the devine love. They have conveyed a message in their thoughts to connect with Allah with strongest Love (Ishq) emotions instead of indulging in rationalism. The thoughts give us awareness to bear difficulties in the way of Devine Love with patience to find the ultimate reality. Examples are given in the article as a primary source from the Modern Punjabi poets poetry to high light the love (Ishq) concepts.

A Biographical Record of the Writers of Tehsil Vehari

Jahanzaib Ali Awan — 2025-06-30

“Tazkira” means remembrance, memoir, or a collection of biographical notes about poets and writers. In literary terms, it refers to a book that presents short accounts of the lives of poets and authors along with samples of their creative work. The article “Tazkira Tehsil Vehari De Likhariyan Da” provides a brief historical background of Tehsil Vehari and introduces prominent Punjabi writers belonging to the region. It highlights their literary contributions and includes selected examples of their poetry written in Punjabi. Through these biographical sketches and poetic samples, the article aims to document and celebrate the intellectual and cultural legacy of Vehari. It serves as a valuable record of the region’s linguistic and artistic traditions, showcasing how local writers have contributed to Punjabi literature. Thus, the article functions as both a literary archive and a tribute to the creative spirit of Vehari’s writers and poets.